Optimization of biodiesel production from Nahar oil using Box-Behnken design, ANOVA and grey wolf optimizer

Biodiesel manufacturing from renewable feedstocks has received a lot of attention as viable alternative to fossil fuels. The Box-Behnken design, analysis variance (ANOVA), and the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm were used in this work optimise biodiesel production Nahar oil. goal was determine best operating parameters for maximising yield. design is used, with four essential taken into account: molar ratio, reaction duration temperature, catalyst weight percentage. response surface studied key factors influencing yield are discovered. gathered data given ANOVA statistical significance. performed on acquired significance components their interactions. GWO better process. Based provided, obtains an optimised 91.6484% by running 200 minutes, using ratio 7, percentage 1.2. As indicated lower boundaries, temperature ranges 50 °C. results show that ANOVA, successfully integrated optimising This method offers useful insights process optimisation indicates possibilities increasing efficiency sustainability production. Further study can broaden use these strategies various processes feedstocks, advancing sustainable energy technology.